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Pomegranate has been used therapeutically for centuries. Its biological and therapeutic properties are primarily attributed to the presence of polyphenols (ellagitanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins and anthocyanins), which are free radical scavenging compounds.
Many of the socio-cultural lifestyle and dietary changes that take place during Ramadan may affect the risk of injury in athletes, but little evidence is available.
The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the association between physical fitness profiles, playing positions and the profile relationships between training output amongst elite professional soccer players.
Soccer can be characterised as an intermittent sport, with “repeated bouts of high-intensity running interspersed with periods of rest or low-intensity running”
In soccer, the final match result in team games, especially association soccer, is determined by multiple factors.
Training load can be classified in external load, which represents measures derived from position data or inertial measurement units and can be defined as physical demands imposed during training sessions or match scenarios;
Quantifying training is a common practice conducted in professional sports teams, the aims of which are to determine the external and internal load imposed on players through training and to determine the acute and long-term implications of training.
With its load characteristics, the team sport of soccer places high physical demands on players and thus is associated with a high risk of injury.
The main androgen, testosterone, affects a variety of parameters such as body composition, muscle metabolism and function, protein synthesis, and muscle mass.18,23 These parameters are related with the ability to perform efficiently during exercise.23,35,39.
Soccer is characterized as an intense intermittent team sport. Heart rate (HR) is used to monitor the players’ training response, as well as to quantify microcycle and mesocycle training intensity during preseason and in-season periods
The coaches’ ability to provide athletes with appropriate affordances (primarily, via the use of task constraints) within game-representative training environments is incumbent for skill learning.
Soccer is a sport that is characterized by the high presence of intermittent efforts during the 90minutes that the match lasts. This has been the conclusion drawn from various research studies that try to clarify the physical and physio-logical requirements of this sport.
Our main finding is consistent with that of previous work whereby elite youth players only attained ~90% of their peak velocity during matches.
The routine use of player-tracking devices to monitor training and competition loads has become standard practice in many elite international and professional team sports(Cummins, Orr, O’Connor, & West, 2013). Technologies such as global positioning system (GPS), local position measurement (LPM) and camera-based visual recognition systems are commonly used to assess competition demands and determine individual “work rates” (Polglaze, Dawson, & Peeling, 2016).
Soccer match play is generally characterised by brief bouts of high-intensity linear and multidirectional activity interspersed with longer recovery periods of lower intensity. Elite level soccer players typically cover 10 to 14 km in total distance per game, where both high-intensity (speeds >14.4 km/h) and very-high-intensity running distance (speeds >19.8 km/h) contribute ~25% and ~8% of the total distance covered, respectively.
In soccer, the final match result in team games, especially association soccer, is determined by multiple factors. One of them is players’ physical preparation which not only affects the level of physical activity of individual players and the whole team, but also the execution of players’ technical-tactical skills and performance efficiency during the game. Physical training has also a significant influence on the effectiveness of analytical and decision-making processes in the player’s brain, especially on making quick and accurate decisions in conditions of incremental fatigue during match-play. It also determines the dynamics of recovery processes during and after sport competition.
The purpose of this study was to identify variations in external load measures between sets (3 × 4’/2’ rest) of small-sided and conditioned game formats (goalkeeper + 5 vs. 5 + goalkeeper with specific tactical demands). Overall, 10 male professional soccer players (age: 28.1 ± 3.8 years, experience: 7.9 ± 2.9 years, height: 180.3 ± 5.8 cm, weight: 76.5 ± 6.3 kg) from a team competing in the first Portuguese league and in the UEFA Europa league participated in the study.
Small-sided soccer games (SSSG) are a specific exercise regime with two small teams playing against each other on a relatively small pitch. There is evidence from original research that SSSG exposure provides performance and health benefits for untrained adults.
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